Common cause of heart attack in early age of 25-30 years

Common cause of heart attack in now a day’s biggest  threat to the medical world, but the main cause of heart attack is coronary artery diseases,before we discuss about the cause we see what the common symptom of heart attack are-

 Heart attack symptom:

• Chest Discomfort
• Nausea, Indigestion, Heartburn, or Stomach Pain
• Pain that Spreads to the Arm
• You Feel Dizzy or Lightheaded
• Throat or Jaw Pain
• You Get Exhausted Easily
• Sweating
• Irregular Heart Beat

What is a coronary artery disease?

Coronary artery disease is the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis (sometimes called "hardening" or "clogging" of the arteries) is the buildup of cholesterol and fatty deposits (called plaques) on the inner walls of the arteries. These plaques can restrict blood flow to the heart muscle by physically clogging the artery or by causing abnormal artery tone and function.

Without an adequate blood supply, the heart becomes starved of oxygen and the vital nutrients it needs to work properly. This can cause chest pain called angina. If blood supply to a portion of the heart muscle is cut off entirely, or if the energy demands of the heart become much greater than its blood supply, a heart attack (injury to the heart muscle) may occur.

Premature coronary artery diseases:

Premature Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs at younger age in India but only a limited number of studies have evaluated risk factors and management status. This is a multi site observational registry to assess risk factors and treatment patterns in young patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and stable ischemic heart disease (IHD).

Methods

We recruited 997 young patients (men <55, women <65 y) presenting with ACS or stable IHD successively at 22 centers across India. Details of baseline risk factors and management status were obtained. Descriptive statistics are reported.

Conventional risk factors including family history continue to play a pivotal role in premature CAD in Indians. Women have more of metabolic risk factors, present at a later age and have non-ST elevation ACS more often. There is a need to focus on improving use of evidence-based drug therapies and interventions.

Risk Factor of Coronary artery diseases:

There are many risk factors for CAD and some can be controlled but not others. The risk factors that can be controlled (modifiable) are: High BP; high blood cholesterol levels; smoking; diabetes; overweight or obesity; lack of physical activity; unhealthy diet and stress. Those that cannot be controlled (conventional) are: Age (simply getting older increases risk); sex (men are generally at greater risk of coronary artery disease); family history; and race.

Hypertension:

"Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, such as stroke," say doctors from National Heart Center Singapore, a member of the Sing Health​ group. ​Hypertension usually occurs without any symptoms. ​​Hypertension, left untreated over the long term, can lead to damage of the heart and blood vessels leading to stroke or heart attack.

When your blood pressure is e​extremely high, headaches, dizziness or alterations in vision may be experienced. Marginally elevated blood pressure may normalize when you lose weight, exercise more and reduce salt intake. If these measures are not successful, then drug treatment may be needed. Once medication has started, it is essential to continue with the treatment, complemented by a healthy lifestyle.

Treatment of hypertension for most people is life-long. You should have your blood pressure checked at least once a year.

Read more: How to reduce hypertension naturally?

High Cholesterol:

As high blood cholesterol itself does not cause symptoms, many people may not be aware that their cholesterol level is high.

Therefore, it is important to check your cholesterol level regularly. If the level is high, it should be lowered to reduce your susceptibility to coronary heart disease. The desirable level of cholesterol depends on your pre-existing risk for coronary heart disease.

Diabetes and abnormal blood glucose levels:

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness. It is often associated with other cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, increased total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, decreased HDL-cholesterol levels (“good” cholesterol) and obesity.

The basic treatment strategy is to maintain good control over the amount of glucose in your blood. Maintaining a healthy weight, a balanced diet and a regular exercise routine can prevent the onset of diabetes mellitus.

• At least 68% of people age 65 or older with diabetes die from some form of heart disease; and 16% die of stroke.
• Adults with diabetes are two to four times more likely to die from heart disease than adults without diabetes.
• The American Heart association considers diabetes to be one of the seven major controllable risk factors for CVD.

People with diabetes are 2 to 4 times more likely to develop coronary artery disease and stroke.

Read more: How to control diabetes naturally?

Menopause:

Many women before menopause seem to be partly protected from coronary heart disease, heart attack and stroke by natural estrogen.

A woman’s estrogen level is highest during her childbearing years and declines during menopause. If menopause is caused by surgery to remove the uterus and ovaries, the risk rises sharply.

Stress:

Your blood pressure goes up momentarily when you get angry, excited, frightened or when you are under stress.

If you experience constant stress over a prolonged period, you may be at a higher risk of developing high blood pressure, leading to a heart attack.

Smoking:

The Framing ham study showed that smokers were at increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) or sudden death and that risk was associated to the number of cigarettes smoked each day

The harmful effects of smoking on the heart can be appreciated in the following statistics:

• Cigarette smoking approximately doubles the risk of morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease compared with a lifetime of not smoking, and the risk is related to the duration and amount of smoking.
• There is evidence that in patients with CHD, smoking cessation reduces the risk of all-cause mortality and nonfatal MI. Therefore, all patients with ischemic heart disease should be advised to stop smoking because it is a strong risk factor for a first MI and for fatal and nonfatal recurrences.
• The risk of morbidity and mortality associated with cigarette smoking falls immediately after stopping smoking, although it may be >20 years, if at all, before the risk associated with smoking is completely reversed.
• About 20% of patients will give up smoking after an acute MI with resultant 40% reduction in mortality rates and infarct recurrences.
• For smokers under the age of 50 years the risk of developing CHD is 10 times greater than for nonsmokers of the same age.
• Passive smoking also increases the risk of CHD.

Physical inactivity:

“Conductors on London's double-decker buses (up and down stairs 11 days a fortnight, 50 weeks a year, often for decades) experienced half or less the incidence of acute MI and “sudden death” ascribed to CHD in the sedentary bus drivers.”Thus, began Morris et al. in his landmark article in 1953 which appeared in The Lancet on the association of physical activity and coronary artery disease. Since then a number of epidemiological studies have confirmed the relationship. The relative risk of death from CHD for sedentary compared with active individuals is 1.9 (95% confidence interval). The recommendation of physical exercise has become an important element of preventative policies for the general population (in adults, elderly, and children).

Obesity:

People with excess body fat – especially around the waist – are more prone to

developing heart disease and stroke even if they have no other risk factors. Excess weight increases the strain on the heart, raises blood pressure, blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and lowers HDL. It is also associated with the development of diabetes mellitus.

Family history and environment play a part in determining obesity. Physical inactivity and a high fat diet also contribute to obesity.

As body fat increases when more food calories than required are consumed over a long period of time, weight control (fat loss) is possible by decreasing food intake together with increasing physical activity.

If we do not take care of our health from beginning then recently it will be seen more due to our sedentary and lazy life style, we need to take collective measure like awareness program to prevent the disease like heart attack in our early age of 25-30 years, which was uncommon before 20 years ago.

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